South Africa remained on high alert as nationwide anti-migrant protests intensified, raising fears of renewed xenophobic violence and forcing thousands of foreign nationals to flee their homes or seek refuge.

The demonstrations, organised by anti-immigration groups, called for the removal of undocumented migrants, claiming illegal immigration has contributed to rising crime, unemployment and pressure on public services. Protesters marched in major cities including Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town, while authorities deployed large numbers of police and soldiers to maintain order.

Although many of the marches remained peaceful, several areas witnessed looting, attacks on foreign-owned businesses and isolated incidents of violence.

South African police confirmed that more than 900 people were arrested for offences ranging from immigration violations to public violence, robbery and looting. At least one person was killed during unrest in Johannesburg, while another foreign national reportedly died in Durban after jumping from a building in fear of attack.

The growing tensions prompted thousands of migrants, including citizens of Zimbabwe, Malawi and Nigeria, to queue at embassies, border posts and temporary shelters in search of assistance to return home or relocate to safer areas. Humanitarian organisations warned that many displaced families urgently require food, shelter and medical support.

The South African government condemned acts of violence and stressed that immigration enforcement is the responsibility of the state, not vigilante groups. Authorities vowed to prosecute anyone involved in criminal activities while continuing lawful operations against undocumented immigration.

Human rights organisations have expressed concern that migrants are being unfairly blamed for South Africa’s economic challenges, warning that the protests risk deepening xenophobia and undermining the country’s commitment to human rights and regional solidarity.